Truck



'Aug, 18, 1936. v F E, BACHMAN 2,051,631

TRUCKl Filed May 27, 19sk e sheetsfsheet 1 Aug. 1s, 1936. FE, BACHMAN Tncx Filed May 27, 1952 6 Smets-sheet 2 Aug. 18, -1936.

Filed May 27; 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 'Vac/z Aug. 18, 1936.

F. E. BACHMN TRUCK Filed May 27, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Il, l Seillllnq'/ Aug. 18, 1936.

F. E. BACHMAN 2,051,631

TRUCK lFiledA May 27, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Aug. 18, 1936. F. E. BAcHMAN TRUCK Filed May 27, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Patented Aug. 18, 1936 HQE 'raven lrea E. Bachman, Chicago, Ill., assigner to ican Steel Foundries, Chicago, m., a corporation of New Jersey Application May 27, 1932, semi No. erases 28 Claims.

This invention pertains to truck construction, and more particularly to four-wheel trucks adapted particularly for high speed freight car use.

Desirable features for freight car trucks are' destructive and results in much damage to lading.'

Track or wheel irregularities, even if very slight, will set up this oscillation and when the frequency with which these irregularities are passed over agrees with the vibration period of the springs the motion ampliiiesand continues, due to the lack of dampening qualities in coil springs. 'I'he motion may amplify to the extent of causing derailment of the truck. l

Passenger car trucks are generally easy riding, due to the use of both coil and elliptic leaf springs in series, the coil springs responding to the light, quick shocks, the leaf springs to the slow, heavy impulses. Coil springs are quick and sensitive in response, leaf springs relatively less so, partly due to frictional work absorption between the leaves. For this reason, and also by providing coil and leaf springs of diderent natural vibration periods, they tend to dampen each others synchronous vibration without impairing free spring response.

Although the usual passenger car truck`r with series arrangement of coil and leaf springs gives good riding qualities, it is in general undesirably heavy, costly and complicated for freight service. This is particularly due to the complete duplication of carrying capacity in both coil and leaf springs. j

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a car truck which provides good riding qualities, and at the same time is economical to make 'and maintain, is simple and light in construction, and fulfills all requirements of manufacture-and service.

, Another object is to provide a car truck wherein springs of diierent character are arranged so that each tends to dampen out the vibrations of the other. v

Still another object is to provide spring assemblies wherein there is provided softer cushioning action under light loads, while at the same time (Ci. IGS-197.3.)

providing the necessary stiffness and capacity under heavy loads, these features being combined also toprovide a structure which reduces any tendency toward synchronous vibration of the springs.

A further object is to provide a truck-construction wherein a plurality of resilient members of different character are disposed with. relation to each other so that certain of th'e members are loaded by the other members to increase the amount of energy they will absorb. 4

A still further object is to provide a truck con.q struction wherein the load carrying member is supported on the side frame by resilient members of different characteristics and so arranged that certain of the resilient members increase certain capacities of other resilient members.

Another further' object is to provide a truck construction wherein the load carrying member is carried on the side frame by means which varies its effective load transmitting length according to the imposed load.'

With these and various other objects in view, the invention may consist of certain novel features of construction and operation as will be more fully described and particularly pointed out in the speciiication, drawings and claims append-n 'ed hereto.

In the drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the device and wherein like reference charac= ters are used to designate like parts- Figure l is a fragmentary top plan View of a truck construction embodying the invention;

`Figure 2 is a side elevation of the truck construction shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is an end elevation, partly in section, of the truck construction shown in Figures l and 2, the section being taken substantially in the plane of the transverse center line of the truck;

Figure 4 is a side elevation of the spring saddle and seat;

Figure 5 is a fragmentary top plan view of a modified form of truck construction embodying the invention;

Figure e is a side elevation of the truck con struction shown in Figure 5;

Figure 7' is a transverse fragmentary sectional elevation of the truck construction shown in Figures 5 and 6, the section being taken substantially in the plane of the transverse center line of the truck:

Figure 3 is a transverse sectional elevation through the spring group Figure 9 is a transverse fragmentary sectional elevation of a modified form of truck construction, the same being taken substantially in the plane of the transverse center line of the truck;

center line of the truck;

Figure 13 is a transverse fragmentary elevation through another modified form of 'truck construction, the same being taken substantially in the plane of the transverse center line thereof;

Figure 14`is a fragmentary side elevation of another modified form of truck construction.

In the truck constructions illustrated, the side frame 20 includes the compression and tension members 22 and 24 merging adjacent the ends thereof as at 26 and being provided with the journal boxes 28 having suitable brasses and wedges cooperating with the journal ends 30 of the wheel and axle assemblies 32'. The tension and compression members are integrally connected by the spaced column guides 34 forming a window or bolster opening 36 therein, the columns being widened as at 38 to facilitate assembly cf other parts of tl1e` truck construction therewith, and the tension member between the window being provided with the widened spring seat 40. In the constructions shown the spaced side frames are connected and maintained in squared relation by means of the spring plank 42 extending into the windows thereof.

Referring now more particularly to the construction illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the bolster 44 is provided with the center bearings 46 and the side bearings 48 and extends through the bolster openings in the side frames, the bolster being provided With the spaced lugs 50 forming stops to limit the transverse movement of the bolster with respect to said side frames. The bolster is providedwith the inner leaf spring lseat 54 and the outer leaf spring seat 56 adapted/to accommodate and be supported byl the,i ends of the semi-elliptic leaf spring assembly 58.

The leaf spring assembly is provided with the spring band 60, and the spring seat saddle 62 is disposed on the concave side of the leaf spring assembly to embrace and be positioned by the spring band 60. 'I'he saddle 62 is provided with coil spring seats 64 adapted to be seated on the leaf spring and having upwardly extending positioning dowels 66 thereon, the spring seats and dowels accommodating coil spring assembly 68 disposed between the leaf spring assembly 58 and the spaced seats 10 provided on the bolster shown as on the upper chord thereof. The leaf spring assembly is adapted to be supported by the spaced arcuate seats 12 of the upper roller cap 14, the spaced seats supporting the leaf spring assembly substantially beneath the coil springs whereby the load acting downwardly 'through the coil springs increases the frictional absorption of the spring leaves by the pinching action between the upper spring seat 64 and the lower spring seat 12. The roller 'caps 14 are supported on the anti-friction rollers 16, which in turn are supported on the roller cap or race 18 of the selfcentering roller devices.

In the truck construction illustrated in Figures 5 to 9 inclusive, the bolster 80 is provided with the center bearings 82 and side bearings 84 and extends through the bolster opening 36, stops 85 being provided for limiting lateral movement of the` bolster. The bolster' is provided with the inner leaf spring seat 86 and the outer leaf spring seat 88 which seats, in the construction shown in Figures 5 to 8 inclusive, are adapted to be supported on the ends of the semi-elliptic leaf spring assembly 90. The semi-elli tic leaf spring assembly 90 is provided with yhe spring band 82 which is adapted to be embraced by the saddle 94, the saddle being provided with the coil spring seat 96 having portions embracing the sides of the leaf spring assembly for preventing misalignment,of said seats. The seats are adapted to receive .the coil spring assembly 08, a suitable positioning dowel |00 being provided therefor on the seat 96. The coil spring assembly 98 is adapted to be seated on the coil spring seat |02 and positioned by the .depending dowel |04 provided on the upper chord of the bolster 80. As before, the semi-elliptic leaf spring assembly is vadapted to be supported on the arcuate seats 12 provided on the upper race 14, the anti-friction rollers 16 being interposed between' the upper race and the lower race 18, the races being so arranged that the device is self-centering.

In the construction shown in Figure 9 the bolster is adapted to be supported on the coil spring assembly 08 and the inner leg |06 of the leaf spring assembly 00. The outer leg |08 is normally disengaged or spaced from the seat 88 whereby theouter leg is only operative or engageable by the bolster after a predetermined'deection or only after pre-determined stresses have been imparted to the inner leg |06 and the coil spring 98.

In the construction illustrated in Figures 10, 11 and 12 inclusive, the bolster H0 extends through the bolster opening 36 and is provided with the inner leaf spring seat H2 and the outer leaf spring seat H4, the spring seats being adapted to be supported on the inner leg ||.6, and the shorter outer leg .H8 of the semi-elliptic leaf spring assembly |20, though of course it is appreciated that the' leaf spring assembly may be of equal leg length. As before, the leaf spring adapted to be supported on the upper spring cap-14 whereby, in Figures 10 to 12 inclusive.

it will be seen that theleaf springs are disposed in intervening relation to vthe coil springs. It is understood that the leaf spring may be reversed, disposing the long leg outwardly. Vx

In the construction illustratedvin Figure 13, the bolster |38 isz provided with the center bearing |40 and the vside bearing |42 and extends through the -bolster openingl 36 and is provided with the outer leaf spring seat |44 and the inner leaf spring seat |46 for accommodating the inner and outer legs of the semi-elliptic leaf spring assembly |48. The semi-elliptic leaf spring assembly |48 is provided with the spring band |50 which as before is supported on the arcuate seat 12 of the upper cap 14, the cap being supported through the roller 16 on the lower race 18 whereby the bolster is self-centering. 4The coil spring band |50 and the seat |56 provided on the upper chord of the bolster.

In the construction illustrated in Figure 14,-

the leaf spring seats |28 of the bolster |30 are disposed outwardly of the coil spring seats |32 whereby the semi-elliptic springs |34 are disposed outwardly of the coil vsprings |36, the springs as before being supported on the upper spring cap 14.

It is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the exact embodiments of' the device shown, which are merely by way oiillustration and not'limitation, as various and other forms of the device will of course be apparent to those skilled in the`art without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

l. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster extending into said opening.l a senil-elliptic leaf spring supporting said bolster at a plurality of spaced points and supported on said side frame at spaced points, and coil springs supporting said bolster on said semi-elliptic leaf spring at spaced points substantially in vertical alignment with said second named spaced points whereby the energy absorption of said semi-elliptic leaf spring is increased.

2. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster-extending' into said opening, a semi-elliptic leaf spring supporting said bolster at a plurality of spaced `pointS,a self-centering lateral motion device disposed on, said side frame and supporting said semi-elliptic leaf spring at a.l plurality of points, and coilspririgs supporting said bolster on said semi-ellipticA l. af spring at spaced points substantially in ver cal alignment with said vseajnd named -points whereby the energy absorption of said semi-elliptic leaf spring is increased. y

3. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming awindow, a bolster extending into said opening, a -transversely arranged senil-elliptic leaf spring supporting said bolster at a plurality of spaced points and supported on said side frame at spaced points, and coil springs supporting said bolster on said semi-elliptic leaf spring at spaced' points substantially in vertical alignment with said second named spaced points whereby the energy absorption of said semi-elliptic leaf spring is increased.

4. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster extending into said opening, a transversely arranged semi-elliptic leaf spring supporting said bolsterk at a plurality of spaced points, a self-centering lateral motion device disposed on said side frame and supporting said semi-elliptic leaf spring at a plurality of points,

and coil springs supporting said bolster on said semi-elliptic leaf spring at spaced points substantially in vertical alignment with said second 'named points whereby the energy absorption of l including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster extending into said/opening.

a semi-elliptic spring supporting said bolster at a plurality of spaced points, a self-centering lateral motion device disposed on said side frame and supporting said semi-elliptic spring at a plurality of points, and a coil spring disposed between said bolster and lateral motion device tween said bolster and lateral motion device and disposed substantially in the vertical plane of one of the supports of said lateral motion device. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column'guides forming a` window, a bolster extending into said opening, a semi-elliptic spring supportingly engaging said bolster at a plurality of points under load and at a single point under substantially no load.

8. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster extending intosaid opening, a semi-elliptic spring supportingly engaging said bolster at a plurality of points under load and at a single point under substantially no load, 4and supported on said side frame at spaced points.

9. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster extending into said opening, a semi-elliptic spring supportingly engaging said bolster at a plurality of points under load and at a single point under substantially no load and supported on said side frame'at spaced points,

and 'coil springs supporting bolster on said semi-elliptic spring at spaced-points substantially in vertical alignment with said second named spaced points whereby the energy absorption of said semi-elliptic spring is increased.

10. In a truck, the combination of a side frame including tensionl and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster extending into said opening, a semi-elliptic spring supportingly engaging said bolster at a plurality of points under load and at a single point under substantially no load and supported on said side frame at spaced points, and a coil spring disposed between said bolster and one of the legs of said semi-elliptic spring.

11. In a truck. the combination of a side frame including tension and compression members and integrally connecting column guides forming a window, a bolster extending into said opening, a semi-elliptic spring supporting said bolster at a plurality of spaced points and supported on said side frame at spaced points, said semi-elliptic spring having legs of'unequal length, and coil springs supporting said bolsteron said semi-elliptic spring at spaced points substantially in vertical alignment with said second named spaced i points whereby the energy absorption of said semi-elliptic lspring is increased.

12. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a load` carrying member, lateral motion and resilient means supporting said load carrying member on said side frame, said resilient m'eans including a semi-elliptic leaf spring engaging said lateral motion means at spaced points and supporting said load carrying memberat spaced points, and spaced coil springs supported on said leaf spring and supporting said load carrying member in series-parallel with said leaf spring.

13. In a truck, the combination fof a side frame, a load carrying member, resilient means supporting said load carrying member on said side frame, said resilient means including a semielliptic leaf spring supported on said side frame at spaced points and supporting said load carrying member at spaced points, and spaced coil springs supported on said leaf spring substantially said side frame on each side of said spring band and supporting said load carrying member at' spaced points, one of said points being inwardly of said side frame and the other of said points being outwardly of said side frame, and a coil spring interposed between said load carrying member and leaf spring and substantially in vertical alignment with one of the supports between said leaf spring and side frame.

15. In a spring nest, the combination of a semielliptic leaf spring including spring leaves and a spring band, and a coil spring disposed on said leaf spring on one side and adjacentsaid band and spaced from the ends of said leaf spring and co-acting with said leaves to increase the frictional absorption thereof upon deflection of said springs.

16. In aspring nest, the combination of a semielliptic leaf spring including spring leaves and a spring band, a spring seat member disposed on said leaf spring and embracing said spring band, coil springs disposed on said seat member on each side of said spring band and spaced from the ends of said leaf spring and co-acting with 'said leaves to increase the frictional absorption thereof upon deflection of said springs, and means providing spaced seats for said leaf spring. adjacent said spring band.

17. In a spring nest, the combination of a semi eliptic leaf spring including spring leaves and a spring band, a seat member embracing said band and having seat portionsdisposed on each side of said band, and coil springsdisposed on said seat portions and spaced from ,the ends of said leaf spring and co-acting with said leaves to increase the frictional absorption thereof upon deflection of said springs, and means providing spaced seats for said leaf spring adjacent said spring band.

18. In a spring nest, the combination of a semi elliptic leaf spring including 'spring leaves and a spring band, a'seat member disposed on said leaf spring, and a spring of different character than said leaf spring supported on said seat member on one side of said band, and spaced from the ends of said leaf spring and co-acting with said leaves to increase the frictional absorption thereof upon deection of said springs, and means providing spaced seats for said leaf spring adjacent said spring band.

19. In a spring nest, the combination cfa semiaon-,fasi

elliptic leaf spring including spring leaves and a' spring band, a seat member disposed on said leaf spring, and a spring supported on said seat member on one side of said band, a seat member disposed on said leaf spring and spaced from the ends of said leaf spring and co-acting with said leaves to increase the frictional absorption thereof upon deflection of said springs, and means providing spaced seats for said leaf spring adjacent said spring band.

20. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a load carrying member, and resilient means supporting said load carrying member on said side frame, said resilient means including a leaf spring non-resiliently engageable with said load carrying member for supporting the same at a plural- Vity of points, a self-centering lateral motion means disposed on said side frame and having spaced seats providing spaced supporting relation between said lateral motion means and said 20 leaf spring, and a coil spring disposed between saidload carrying member and leaf spring in substantiallyvertical alignment with one of the supports for said leaf spring.

21. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, 25 a load carrying member, and resilient means supporting said load carrying member on said side frame,.said resilient means including a leaf spring non-'resillently engageable with said load carrying member for supporting the same at a plural- 30 ity 'of points, a self-centering lateral motion means disposed on said side frame and supporting said leaf spring at a plurality of points, and coil springs disposed between said load carrying member and leaf spring and supporting said load carrying member at spaced pointssubstantially in vertical alignment with said'second-named spaced points.

22. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a load carrying member, means for supporting said member on said side frame,said means comprising a leaf spring adapted to nonresiliently engage said load carrying member at a plurality of points, a self-centering lateral motion means providing spaced seating relation with said leaf spring and having spaced roller means for transferring load at a plurality of points from said load carrying member to said side frame, and a coil springdisposed between said side frame and load carrying member. 4

23. In a truck, the combination of a side frame,

l a load carrying member, meansl for supporting said member on said side frame, said means comprising a leaf spring adapted tov nonresiliently engage said, load carrying member at a plurality of points, a self-centering lateral motion means providing spaced seating relation with said leaf spring and having spaced roller means for transferring load at a plurality of points from said load carrying. member to said side frame, and a coil spring disposed in series-parallel relation with said leaf spring between said load carrying member and side frame.

24. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a load carrying member, means for supporting said member on said side frame, said means comprising a leaf spring adapted to non-resiliently engage said load carrying member at a plurality of points, and having a spring band, a self-centering lateral motion means providing spaced seating relation with said leaf spring and having spaced roller means for transferring vload at a plurality of points from said load carrying member to said side frame, and a coil spring disposed in series-parallel relation with said leaf spring between said load carrying member and leaf spring and having seating relation with said leaf spring laterally f said spring band.

2,5. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a load carrying member, means foiJ supporting said member on said side frame, said means comprising a leaf spring adapted to non-resiliently engage said load carrying member at a plurality of points. and having a spring band, a self-centering lateral motion means providing spaced seating relation with said leaf spring and having spaced roller means for transferring load at a plurality of points from said load carrying member to said side frame, and coil springs disposed in series-parallel relation with said leaf spring` between said load carrying member and leaf spring and having seating relation with said leaf spring on each side of said spring band.

26. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a load carrying member, means for supporting said member on said side frame, said means comprising a leaf spring adapted to non-resiliently engage said load carrying member at a plurality of points, and having a spring band, a self-centering lateral motion means providing spaced seating relation with said leaf spring and having spaced roller means for transferring load at a plurality of points from said load carrying member to said side frame, and a coil spring disposed in parallel relation withsaid leaf spring between said load carrying member and leaf spring and having seating relation with said spring band.

and load carrying member.

27. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a load carrying member, means for supporting said member on said side frame, said means corn-l prising a leaf spring adapted to non-resiliently engage said load carrying member at a plurality 5 of points, and having a spring band, a self-centering lateral motion means providing spaced seating relation with said leaf spring` and having spaced roller means for transferring load at a plurality of points from said load carrying member to said side frame, a spring seat having a part embracing said spring band and a coil spring seat disposed laterally thereof, and a coil spring disposed in series-parallel relation with s'aid leaf spring between said coil spring seat and load carlli rying member.

28. In a truck, the combination of a side frame, a. load carrying member, means for supporting said member on said side frame, said means comprising a leaf spring adapted to nonresiliently engage said load carrying member at a pluralityof points, and having a spring band. a self-centering lateral motion means providing spaced seating relation with said leaf spring and havin! spaced roller means for transferring load at a plurality of points from said load carrying member to said side-frame, a spring seat having a part embracing said spring band and coil spring seats disposed laterally on each side thereof, and

coil springs disposed in series-parallel relation with said leaf spring between said coil spring seats FRED E. BACHMAN. 

